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	<title>Crangerale</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.crangerale.com/?feed=rss2" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.crangerale.com</link>
	<description>"It's never too early for a Crangerale!"</description>
	<pubDate>Sun, 29 Mar 2009 07:16:12 +0000</pubDate>
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	<language>en</language>
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		<title>Bartenders:  How to properly serve a Crangerale™</title>
		<link>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=20</link>
		<comments>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=20#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2008 12:13:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Crangerale FAQ]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crangerale.com/?p=20</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Many times professional bartenders ask how to properly serve a Crangerale™.
As a professional drink-master, the most important thing to know is that anyone who orders a Crangerale™ is someone to be treated with the upmost respect.   A Crangerale™ drinker is a person who obviously knows their way around a bar, and by ordering a [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Many times professional bartenders ask how to properly serve a Crangerale™.</p>
<p>As a professional drink-master, the most important thing to know is that <strong>anyone who orders a Crangerale</strong>™<strong> is someone to be treated with the upmost respect</strong>.   A Crangerale™ drinker is a person who obviously knows their way around a bar, and by ordering a Crangerale™, they are simply saying &#8220;hello&#8221;.</p>
<p><strong>It is well-known that Crangerale</strong>™<strong> drinkers are generally extremely generous when tipping</strong>, especially when a bartender serves a Crangerale™ properly.   If someone asks for a Crangerale™, they are asking for a very specific beverage, so there is no need to clarify it (unless clarifying the garnish option).   If you don&#8217;t carry Crangerale™, you should immediately demand some from your supplier.   <strong>There is no excuse for not offering Crangerale</strong>™<strong>. </strong> <em>See below for what to do if you&#8217;re out of  or don&#8217;t carry Crangerale</em>™<em>.</em></p>
<p><strong>Standard Crangerale (AKA &#8220;A Crangerale&#8221;)<br />
</strong></p>
<p>A standard Crangerale™ (or often referred to as simply &#8220;a Crangerale&#8221; is served on the rocks (cubed or chopped ice) in a pint glass with a straw.  A lime wedge garnish is optional.</p>
<p>Because of the variety of glassware that most bars and nightclubs use these days, sometimes it&#8217;s better to use the Crangerale™ Serving Rule of Thumb:   in YOUR bar, if someone ordered a double-tall vodka cranberry, what would you seve it in?   That is what you should serve a Crangerale™ in.</p>
<p><strong>What to do if you&#8217;re out of Crangerale</strong>™</p>
<p>This is a very tricky situation.  Obviously something has gone terribly wrong with your inventory system or you&#8217;ve just had a run on Crangerale™.   But sometimes it happens.  After you get off the phone with your Crangerale™ Supplier to order some more Crangerale™, don&#8217;t panic&#8230;.you still have some options.</p>
<p>While not recommended, in a pinch, you can offer Gingerberries.  Gingerberries is what we call any concoction created by combining generic gingerale and cranberry juice from a mixing gun.   Don&#8217;t even try this if you don&#8217;t have actual gingerale.   If you don&#8217;t have even have real gingerale in your gun, you&#8217;re just need to find a new place to work.</p>
<p>Never, ever, never pass off Gingerberries as real Crangerale.™  Not only is this unethical, it might just get you a shiv in the kidney.</p>
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			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.crangerale.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=20</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Crangerale™:  A cure for Alcoholism?</title>
		<link>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=17</link>
		<comments>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=17#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2008 11:32:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Crangerale & Alcohol]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Crangerale History]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crangerale.com/?p=17</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Many people have inquired as to whether Crangerale™ is a cure for alcoholism.
Well, the truth is this:  When combined with the complete cessation of the consumption of alcoholic beverages, and a well-balanced diet, Crangerale™ can be a delicious and refreshing alternative to alcoholic drinks, with little-to-no known side effects, hangovers or legal concerns.
Crangerale™ is an [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Many people have inquired as to whether Crangerale™ is a cure for alcoholism.</p>
<p>Well, the truth is this:  When combined with the complete cessation of the consumption of alcoholic beverages, and a well-balanced diet, <strong>Crangerale</strong>™<strong> can be a delicious and refreshing alternative to alcoholic drinks</strong>, with little-to-<strong>no known side effects, hangovers or legal concerns</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Crangerale</strong>™ is an<strong> approved beverage for anyone who would like to stop abusing alcohol</strong>, but only works in tandem with a sincere commitment to the cessation of the consumption of alcoholic beverages.</p>
<p>If you are concerned about your own alcohol intake or the alcohol consumption of a loved one, consider <strong> Crangerale™</strong> as an alternative beverage.     You can still enjoy the physical properties of Crangerale as a <strong>liquid beverage without the mental and physical impairment aspects of alcohol</strong>.</p>
<p>So enjoy <strong>Crangerale™</strong> with pride and confidence, and in good health!</p>
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			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.crangerale.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=17</wfw:commentRss>
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		<item>
		<title>History of Crangerale™</title>
		<link>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=10</link>
		<comments>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=10#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2008 10:36:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Crangerale History]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crangerale.com/?p=10</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ginger ales come in two varieties:  golden ginger ale and dry ginger ale.  Golden ginger ale, dark colored and strong flavored, is the older style. Dry ginger ale was developed during Prohibition as an alternative to what many considered golden ginger ale&#8217;s bitter taste.   
Crangerale™ was invented by professional musician, Johnny Diggz, who discovered the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ginger ales come in two varieties:  <em>golden</em> ginger ale and <em>dry</em> ginger ale.  Golden ginger ale, dark colored and strong flavored, is the older style. Dry ginger ale was developed during <a title="Prohibition" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition">Prohibition</a> as an alternative to what many considered golden ginger ale&#8217;s bitter taste.   <a title="Vernors" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernors"></a></p>
<p>Crangerale™ was invented by professional musician, Johnny Diggz, who discovered the formula accidentally while trying to create a beverage that could be enjoyed in a bar-setting without losing the desirable social aspects of alcoholic beverages.</p>
<p>Since its inception, Crangerale™ lovers around the world have asked for Crangerale™ by name at their favorite watering hole.</p>
<p>In 2009, Crangerale™ will begin shipping to select distributors in the UK and the United States.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>How to Find Crangerale™</title>
		<link>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=1</link>
		<comments>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=1#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2008 09:07:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Distribution Inquiries]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Crangerale Distributor]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Crangerale Supplier]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[How to Order Crangerale]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Where to buy Crangerale]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crangerale.com/?p=1</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Crangerale™ is the perfect blend of the dryest ginger ale and the juiciest, hand-picked cranberries.   A tightly held secret  formula, Crangerale™ has been heralded by many a connoisseur as simply the &#8220;perfect beverage&#8220;.    Refreshing, healthy and powerful, the robust Crangerale™ has become the hallmark drink of discerning individuals from all walks of life.  [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Crangerale™</strong> is the perfect blend of the dryest ginger ale and the juiciest, hand-picked cranberries.   A tightly held secret  formula, <strong>Crangerale™</strong> has been heralded by many a connoisseur as simply the &#8220;<strong>perfect beverage</strong>&#8220;.    Refreshing, healthy and powerful, the robust <strong>Crangerale™</strong> has become the hallmark drink of discerning individuals from all walks of life.  Finally, a beverage that everyone can enjoy!   So enjoy a refreshing<strong> Crangerale™</strong> today!</p>
<p>P.S. Make sure you ask for it by name&#8230;because a Crangerale™ by any other name is <em>Gingerberries</em>.  And who wants a glass of <em>Gingerberries</em>?  Seriously?</p>
<p>For Crangerale distribution inquiries, please contact:</p>
<p>John Higgins<br />
Vice President Sales<br />
john.higgins@crangerale.com</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.crangerale.com/?feed=rss2&amp;p=1</wfw:commentRss>
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		<item>
		<title>Medicinal Properties of Crangerale</title>
		<link>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=34</link>
		<comments>http://www.crangerale.com/?p=34#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 12:54:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Diggz</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Crangerale & Alcohol]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Crangerale FAQ]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Crangerale History]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.crangerale.com/?p=34</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The characteristic odor and flavor of ginger root is caused by a mixture of zingerone, shogaols and gingerols, volatile oils that compose about one to three percent of the weight of fresh ginger. In laboratory animals, the gingerols increase the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and have analgesic, sedative, antipyretic and antibacterial properties.[3]




Ginger section


Ginger contains [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The characteristic odor and flavor of ginger root is caused by a mixture of <a title="Zingerone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingerone">zingerone</a>, <a title="Shogaol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogaol">shogaols</a> and <a title="Gingerol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingerol">gingerols</a>, volatile oils that compose about one to three percent of the weight of fresh ginger. In laboratory animals, the gingerols increase the <a title="Motility" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motility">motility</a> of the <a title="Gastrointestinal tract" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract">gastrointestinal tract</a> and have <a title="Analgesic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesic">analgesic</a>, <a title="Sedative" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedative">sedative</a>, <a title="Antipyretic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipyretic">antipyretic</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" title="Antibacterial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibacterial">antibacterial</a> properties.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a class="image" title="Ginger section" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ginger-section.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Ginger-section.jpg/180px-Ginger-section.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="180" height="120" /></a></p>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ginger-section.jpg"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div>
<p>Ginger section</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Ginger contains up to three percent of a fragrant <a title="Essential oil" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_oil">essential oil</a> whose main constituents are <a title="Sesquiterpene" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesquiterpene">sesquiterpenoids</a>, with <a title="Zingiberene" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiberene">(-)-zingiberene</a> as the main component. Smaller amounts of other sesquiterpenoids (<a class="new" title="Sesquiphellandrene (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sesquiphellandrene&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">β-sesquiphellandrene</a>, <a class="new" title="Bisabolene (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bisabolene&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">bisabolene</a> and <a title="Farnesene" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnesene">farnesene</a>) and a small <a class="mw-redirect" title="Monoterpenoid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoterpenoid">monoterpenoid</a> fraction (<a title="Phellandrene" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phellandrene">β-phelladrene</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" title="Cineol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cineol">cineol</a>, and <a title="Citral" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citral">citral</a>) have also been identified.</p>
<p>The pungent taste of ginger is due to nonvolatile <a title="Phenylpropanoid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylpropanoid">phenylpropanoid</a>-derived compounds, particularly <a title="Gingerol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingerol">gingerols</a> and <a title="Shogaol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogaol">shogaols</a>, which form from gingerols when ginger is dried or cooked. Zingerone is also produced from gingerols during this process; this compound is less pungent and has a spicy-sweet aroma.<sup id="cite_ref-harold_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-harold-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Ginger is also a minor chemical irritant, and because of this was used as a horse <a title="Suppository" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppository">suppository</a> by pre-<a title="World War I" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I">World War I</a> mounted regiments for <a title="Figging" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figging">figging</a>.</p>
<p>Ginger has a <a title="Sialagogue" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialagogue">sialagogue</a> action, stimulating the production of <a title="Saliva" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva">saliva</a>, which makes swallowing easier.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Medicinal uses</span></h3>
<p>The medical form of ginger historically was called &#8220;Jamaica ginger&#8221;; it was classified as a <a title="Stimulant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant">stimulant</a> and <a title="Carminative" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carminative">carminative</a>, and used frequently for <a title="Dyspepsia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspepsia">dyspepsia</a> and <a title="Colic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colic">colic</a>. It was also frequently employed to disguise the taste of medicines. Ginger is on the <a class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drug Administration" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration">FDA</a>&#8217;s &#8216;<a title="Generally recognized as safe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe">generally recognized as safe</a>&#8216; list, though it does <a title="Drug interaction" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_interaction">interact</a> with some <a title="Medication" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medication">medications</a>, including <a title="Warfarin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin">warfarin</a>. Ginger is <a title="Contraindication" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraindication">contraindicated</a> in people suffering from <a title="Gallstone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone">gallstones</a> as the herb promotes the release of <a title="Bile" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile">bile</a> from the <a title="Gallbladder" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder">gallbladder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Ginger may also decrease joint pain from <a title="Arthritis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis">arthritis</a>, though studies on this have been inconsistent, and may have <a title="Anticoagulant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant">blood thinning</a> and <a title="Cholesterol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol">cholesterol</a> lowering properties that may make it useful for treating <a title="Heart disease" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease">heart disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UMMC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-UMMC-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p><a id="Diarrhea" name="Diarrhea"></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Diarrhea</span></h4>
<p>Ginger compounds are active against a form of diarrhea which is the leading cause of infant death in developing countries. <a title="Zingerone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingerone">Zingerone</a> is likely to be the active constituent against enterotoxigenic <a title="Escherichia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia">Escherichia</a> coli heat-labile enterotoxin-induced diarrhea.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p><a id="Nausea" name="Nausea"></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Nausea</span></h4>
<p>Ginger has been found effective in multiple studies for treating <a title="Nausea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nausea">nausea</a> caused by <a title="Seasickness" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasickness">seasickness</a>, <a title="Morning sickness" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_sickness">morning sickness</a> and <a title="Chemotherapy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> though ginger was not found superior over a <a title="Placebo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo">placebo</a> for post-operative nausea.</p>
<p><a id="Folk_medicinal_uses" name="Folk_medicinal_uses"></a></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline">Folk medicinal uses</span></h4>
<p>A variety of uses are suggested for ginger. Tea brewed from ginger is a folk remedy for colds. Three to four leaves of <a class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsi">Tulsi</a> taken along with a piece of ginger on an empty stomach is an effective cure for congestion, cough and cold. <a title="Ginger ale" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger_ale">Ginger ale</a> and <a title="Ginger beer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger_beer">ginger beer</a> have been recommended as &#8220;stomach settlers&#8221; for generations in countries where the beverages are made, and ginger water was commonly used to avoid heat <a title="Cramp" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramp">cramps</a> in the <a title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">US</a>. Ginger has also been historically used to treat inflammation, which several scientific studies support, though one arthritis trial showed ginger to be no better than a placebo or <a title="Ibuprofen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UMMC_5-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-UMMC-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Research on rats suggests that ginger may be useful for treating <a class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes">diabetes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ahpg_8-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-ahpg-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-egdn_9-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-egdn-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Local uses</strong></dt>
</dl>
<p>In the <a title="Western culture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culture">West</a>, powdered dried ginger root is made into capsules and sold in pharmacies for medicinal use.</p>
<ul>
<li>In <a title="Burma" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma">Burma</a>, ginger and a local sweetener made from palm tree juice (Htan nyat) are boiled together and taken to prevent the flu.</li>
<li>In <a title="China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China">China</a>, a drink made with sliced ginger cooked in sweetened water or a <a title="Cola" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cola">cola</a> is used as a folk medicine for the <a title="Common cold" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold">common cold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>In <a title="Democratic Republic of the Congo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo">the Congo</a>, ginger is crushed and mixed with <a title="Mango" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango">mango</a> tree sap to make <a class="mw-redirect" title="Tangawisi juice" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangawisi_juice">tangawisi juice</a>, which is considered as a universal <a title="Panacea (medicine)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panacea_%28medicine%29">panacea</a>.</li>
<li>In <a title="India" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India">India</a>, ginger is applied as a paste to the temples to relieve headache and consumed when suffering from the common cold, people use ginger for making tea, in food etc.</li>
<li>In <a title="Indonesia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, a type of ginger known as <strong>Jahe</strong> is used as a herbal preparation to reduce fatigue, reducing &#8220;winds&#8221; in the blood, prevent and cure rheumatism and controlling poor dietary habits.</li>
<li>In the <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Philippines</a> a traditional health drink called &#8220;salabat&#8221; is made for breakfast by boiling chopped ginger and adding sugar; it is considered good for a sore throat.</li>
<li>In the <a title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">United States</a>, ginger is used to prevent <a title="Motion sickness" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_sickness">motion</a> and <a title="Morning sickness" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_sickness">morning sickness</a>. It is recognized as safe by the <a class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drug Administration" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> and is sold as an unregulated <a title="Dietary supplement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_supplement">dietary supplement</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Phytochemicals</span></h3>
<p>Cranberries are a source of <a title="Polyphenol antioxidant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenol_antioxidant">polyphenol antioxidants</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" title="Phytochemicals" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytochemicals">phytochemicals</a> under active research for possible benefits to the <a class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_system">cardiovascular system</a>, <a title="Immune system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system">immune system</a> and as anti-<a title="Cancer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer">cancer</a> agents.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Cranberry juice contains a chemical component, a high <a title="Molecular mass" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_mass">molecular weight</a> non-<a title="Dialysis (biochemistry)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_%28biochemistry%29">dializable</a> material (NDM), as noted above, that is able to inhibit and even reverse the formation of <a title="Dental plaque" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_plaque">plaque</a> by <em><a title="Streptococcus mutans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_mutans">Streptococcus mutans</a></em> pathogens that cause tooth decay.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Cranberry juice components also show efficacy against formation of <a title="Kidney stone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone">kidney stones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Raw cranberries and cranberry juice are abundant food sources of the <a title="Anthocyanidin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanidin">anthocyanidin</a> <a title="Flavonoid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoid">flavonoids</a>, <a title="Cyanidin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanidin">cyanidin</a>, <a title="Peonidin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peonidin">peonidin</a> and <a title="Quercetin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercetin">quercetin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> These compounds have an unknown effect on human health, but are powerful against human <a title="Cancer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer">cancer</a> cells <a title="In vitro" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro">in vitro</a>. Their effect in humans, however, is unproven, showing poor absorption into human cells and rapid elimination from blood.</p>
<p>Since 2002, there has been an increasing focus on the potential role of cranberry <a class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphenolic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenolic">polyphenolic</a> constituents in preventing several types of cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> In a 2001 University of Maine study that compared cranberries with twenty other fruits, cranberries had the largest amount of both free and total phenols, with red grapes at a distant second place.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Cranberry <a title="Tannin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannin">tannins</a> have anti-<a class="mw-redirect" title="Clotting" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotting">clotting</a> properties and may reduce <a title="Urinary tract infection" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection">urinary tract infections</a> and the amount of <a title="Dental plaque" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_plaque">dental plaque</a>-causing oral bacteria, thus being a <a title="Prophylaxis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophylaxis">prophylaxis</a> for <a title="Gingivitis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivitis">gingivitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p><a id="Anti-adhesion_properties" name="Anti-adhesion_properties"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Anti-adhesion properties</span></h3>
<p>There is potential benefit of cranberry juice consumption against bacterial infections in the <a title="Urinary system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system">urinary system</a>. Research shows that an effect occurs from a component of the juice inhibiting bacterial attachment to the <a title="Urinary bladder" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder">bladder</a> and <a title="Urethra" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethra">urethra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Although promising for anti-bacterial activity, long-term consumption of cranberry juice has only limited evidence for beneficial effects against <a class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary tract infections" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infections">urinary tract infections</a> in women.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> Similar applications have not been successfully proved in other clinical trials of consuming cranberry juice or tablets by people with <a title="Spinal cord injury" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury">spinal cord injury</a> associated with bladder <a class="mw-redirect" title="Catheterization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catheterization">catheterization</a>, <a title="Neurogenic bladder" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenic_bladder">neurogenic bladder</a> or infrequent <a title="Urination" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urination">urination</a>, any of which may be associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p><a id="Current_and_completed_clinical_trials" name="Current_and_completed_clinical_trials"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Current and completed clinical trials</span></h3>
<p>In April 2004, the French government agency AFSSA, which regulates food products in a way similar to the United States <a class="mw-redirect" title="FDA" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDA">FDA</a>, granted approval of cranberry juice as an antibacterial agent for <a class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary tract" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract">urinary tract</a> health.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>To date, four completed randomized <a title="Clinical trial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial">clinical trials</a> have shown evidence for inhibiting bacterial infections in the urinary tract of women by drinking cranberry juice over a 12 month period.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>The <a class="mw-redirect" title="US National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_National_Center_for_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">US National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a> (NCCAM) also reports three recently completed and four ongoing clinical trials of cranberry juice or <a title="Capsule" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule">capsules</a> (pharmacy).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> Six of these human studies are examining antibacterial effects in female urinary tract infections. One evaluates effects of cranberry <a title="Polyphenol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenol">polyphenols</a> on <a title="Cytochrome P450" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_P450">cytochrome P450</a> enzymes involved in metabolism. To evaluate the drug interaction potential of cranberry, <a title="Alprazolam" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alprazolam">alprazolam</a>, <a title="Dextromethorphan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextromethorphan">dextromethorphan</a> and <a title="Caffeine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine">caffeine</a> are being examined. As of January 2008, the results of these trials have not been published.</p>
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